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What is Anfal? Anfal was a series of eight military campaigns conducted by the Iraqi government against rural Kurdish communities in Iraq, which lasted from 23 February until 6 September in 1988. The word al-Anfal is religious in origin: it is the name of the eighth sura or chapter of the …

KURDISTAN MUSEUM DESCRIPTION The site of the new Kurdistan Museum will be the first major institution to dedicate itself to the preservation and education of the Kurds’ national heritage to the region and the world. In collaboration with the Kurdistan Regional Government and client representative RWF World, the team has …

The Beginnings of Ancient Kurdistan (c. 2500-1500 BC) A Historical and Cultural Synthesis   86134   0

Kurdish History Kurdish history is deeply intertwined with the geography and the politics of the modern Kurdish regions. Historic Ethnicities of Kurdistan The contiguous Kurdish regions of Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Syria sit in the north central area of the Middle East. Over the millennia, numerous ethnicities have migrated, settled or natively inhabited the area including Turks, Persians, Arabs, Kurds, …

Ancient Guti (Quti) According to written Sumerian and Akkadian texts the Guti are … Not classed among people — not reckoned as part of the land — Gutian people who know no inhibitions. With human instinct but canine intelligence and monkey’s features …  Very little is known about the Guti, …

Urartu (Greek Ararat) Urartu was an ancient country of southwest Asia centered in the mountainous region southeast of the Black Sea and southwest of the Caspian Sea in the Lake Van (Sevan) area. Today the region is divided among Armenia, eastern Turkey and northwestern Iran (A). For three centuries Urartu was …

Ancient Kurdistan (Kardouchoi)  Southeastern Turkey together with fair sized portions of the Zagros mountain slopes in Iraq and Iran is inhabited by people known as the Kurds. They speak an Indo-Aryan language. It is generally agreed that they were undoubtedly the people called the Kardouchoi who even then (406 BC) caused Xenophon …

Urartu, also known as the Kingdom of Urartu or the Kingdom of Van, was a civilization which developed in the Bronze and Iron Age of ancient Armenia, eastern Turkey, and northwestern Iran from the 9th century BCE. Controlling territories through military might and the construction of fortresses, the kingdom boasted a lively production in the arts, especially metalwork. …

This is a bronze head of a winged bull, from a handle of a large cauldron. 8th to 7th centuries BCE, Urartian. From Toprakkale, modern-day Turkey. (The British Museum, London) 0